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人教版新課標PEP小學英語三年級上冊Lets eat教案
教師將本課A、B部分所學單詞的圖片卡貼在黑板上，找兩個學生各手持一把新蒼蠅拍，教師讀出一個單詞，學生就要馬上找出來并拍立一下。第一個拍的學生獲勝。（4）教師準備一個小場景：將所有學過的食品及飲料或模型放在一個鋪著臺布的桌上，請學生根據(jù)A、B部分的Let’s talk進行自由會話。2．新課展示（Presentation）（1）本課時Let’ s learn中的單詞認讀教學，可繼續(xù)采用A部分第二課時的教學方法，利用課件，讓學生利用已掌握的拼讀規(guī)則，認讀和學習新單詞。（2）讓學生聽Let’s learn的錄音，一邊聽，一邊指著書上相應(yīng)的圖，力求做到“眼到，手到，口到，心到”。（3）用一組連貫的動作教Let’s do中的動詞Pour，smell，taste，drink。首先，教師左手端著一個茶壺，右手拿一茶杯，對全班說：Look！I’m pouring the tea. Pour the tea．（邊倒茶，邊說兩遍）。
人教版新課標PEP小學英語三年級下冊My family教案
1．能夠聽、說、讀、寫字母H h, Ii,并能聽說認讀以這些字母為首字母的單詞：hamburger, hot dog ,ice-cream, ice.2.聽懂Let’s do 中的字母和短語，并做出相應(yīng)的動作。如：A B C, look and see.3.聽懂Story time 的內(nèi)容。教學重點 掌握字母H h, I i單詞：hamburger, hot dog ,ice-cream, ice。教學難點 1.能夠聽懂一些指令性短語，并做出相應(yīng)的動作。2. Story time 的內(nèi)容教具準備 1.本課時相關(guān)的單詞卡和圖片2. 教材相配套的教學錄音帶導學過程 二次備課預習提綱1． 課前了解一些食物英語的名稱。2． 課前先讓學生復習三年級上冊FoodPart A Let’s Learn 部分的單詞：cake ,bread, chicken…一.熱身/復習（warming up）1. 游戲：找朋友將學過的七個字母按大小寫分開，一部分學生拿大寫字母卡，一部分拿小寫字母卡。讓拿大寫字母卡的學生分別起立讀出手中的字母，那對應(yīng)小寫字母卡的學生跟到他前方舉起手中的字母，說：I’m… 兩人握手2.讓學生聽三年級上冊Part A Let’s Learn部分的錄音，了解相關(guān)的食物的名稱。.
人教版新課標PEP小學英語三年級下冊How many教案
一．溫故知新1．教師播放“One, two, three, four, five”歌曲的錄音帶，讓學生跟隨錄音一起唱。2．復習數(shù)字1－151）報數(shù)：教師讓學生從1－15按順序用英文報數(shù)，如果前一個學生報到15了，那么下一個學生就要從1再開始。2）游戲：叫號。教師把寫有one —fifteen的單詞卡發(fā)給學生，教師隨意說數(shù)字，誰拿著相應(yīng)的單詞卡，誰就站起來并大聲讀出該單詞。3．操練句型How many … can you see? I can see…和How many… do you have? I have…(使用15以內(nèi)的數(shù)字)二.新課呈現(xiàn) 1．教師將1－15的數(shù)字卡貼在黑板上，用其中的兩張組成一個算式，在兩張數(shù)字卡的中間寫上“＋”號，其和為15以內(nèi)，讓學生去計算，如Ten and five is fifteen.2．讓學生兩人一組，一個學生擺算式，另一個學生用英文說出結(jié)果。3．教師出示算式卡，如Nine and seven,讓學生快速說出兩數(shù)之和，并請最先說出答案的學生將算式用數(shù)字形式寫在黑板上，在單詞卡中找到相應(yīng)的單詞貼在和的位置上。
人教版新課標PEP小學英語四年級上冊My Classroom教案
1、本單元要求會聽，說，認讀的單詞： Window board light picture door floor classroom computer wall teacher’s desk fan what in the we have new go where2、本單元要求會聽，說的單詞和詞組： Many our seat near classmate cleanhave a look good idea all right good job3、幫助學生在掌握單詞的基礎(chǔ)上造出句子，編出對話，學以致用。 4、培養(yǎng)學生用英語交流的能力，為學生的進一步學習奠定基礎(chǔ)。 二、教學要求 1、能聽懂、會說，會用每一課會話。 2、掌握本單元出現(xiàn)的生詞，詞組和字母。 3、會唱本單元的歌曲。 三、教學重點和難點 1、對于較長的單詞如classroom, classmate, computer的掌握以及對于第一次出現(xiàn)的詞組和短語如have a look, good job的掌握。2、對于禮貌用語“Thank you , Excuse me, After you”的掌握與應(yīng)用。 3、描述教室中所有物件，并能據(jù)此編出對話。 四、教學時間 本單元共6課時，每周3課時，2周完成。 Lesson 1 1.Teaching Aims Let the students master the words: window, classroom, floor, light, door, board, and picture. When they see the objects, they can recognize and read them and do the action about them.
人教版新課標PEP小學英語四年級上冊Meet My Family!教案
教案點評： 本課時在上一課時的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步在情景中學習句型Is this your...? He/She looks... What’s he/she? They look... Are they...? 本課時的內(nèi)容和學生的實際生活貼近，學生對該話題感到親切，教學新句型時教師運用學生的家庭照片，在師生的對話中自然的呈現(xiàn)新知和操練句型，有助于學生更好的掌握和操練對話。本堂課教學層次分明，教師引導適當，發(fā)揮了學生在學習中的主體地位第六課時重點：單詞nurse, doctor, farmer, driver的拼寫。難點：I’m going to be a…教具準備：1．圖片nurse, doctor, farmer, driver2．教材相配套的教學錄音帶3．單詞卡片教學過程（35sk.com）：一 熱身／復習（Warm-up/Revision）1．口語練習：How many people are there in your family?Who are they?What are they?2．讓學生改編B部分的chant, 然后表演出來。教師對表現(xiàn)出色的應(yīng)即使給予獎勵。二 呈現(xiàn)新課 （Presentation）1．教師出示表示表職業(yè)的單詞卡讓學生認讀，并貼在黑板上。2．做找朋友的游戲。讓學生把圖片貼到相應(yīng)的單詞下。
人教版新課標PEP小學英語四年級上冊Recycle2教案
二 呈現(xiàn)新課 （Presentation） 1、pass the word 兩個小組聽音樂同時向后傳詞卡，一組傳成員，一組傳職業(yè)。音樂停后，拿成員的學生問另一人，如：“What’s your father? My father is a doctor.” 2、group work 兩人一小組，互問答，學生根據(jù)對方的回答擺詞卡。 根據(jù)卡片，用句子描述一下自己的家庭成員和職業(yè)。(仿照歌謠中的句型) 3、Listen and match 聽一聽Chant，請孩子們根據(jù)錄音擺一擺卡片。一個學生在黑板上擺。 4、觀看課件，邊看邊跟讀。看書，邊看邊指書中的人物。 5、聽錄音，邊聽邊打節(jié)奏。男女生接龍說歌謠。各小組接龍說歌謠。請幾個學生接龍說歌謠。6、各小組說一說，演一演歌謠。各小組展示歌謠。 7、教師出示一個制作好的圣誕禮物，說：“Do you like it?”“Today let’s make a gift ,ok?”教師邊說邊示范制作過程。學生認真聽，理解。
人教版新課標PEP小學英語四年級下冊At a Farm教案
（二）新課呈現(xiàn)：學生以小組的形式指著掛圖匯報，每組只談?wù)撘环N動物。(教師為盡可能多的學生提供對話機會，鼓勵學生盡可能不重復別人說過的。)在對話的過程中，教師將單詞卡片cat，dog，rabbit，duck，pig適時呈現(xiàn)給學生，讓學生拼讀單詞。然后啟發(fā)學生將每個單詞中的元音字母的發(fā)音說出來，從而幫助學生記憶單詞，同時為Pronunciation的教學進行鋪墊。教師適當講解單詞拼寫中需特別注意的地方。rabbit雙寫b；duck中ck發(fā)[k]的音。做找朋友的游戲：方法一：教師說單詞：cat，dog，rabbit，duck，pig，分別請五個學生站到前面做出5種動物的動作；將5個單詞的卡片面朝下分別發(fā)給5個學生，教師說Start！5名學生分別翻開卡片，根據(jù)單詞意思到前面去找自己的朋友。教師對完成準確而且速度快的同學進行表揚。方法二：教師將cat，dog，rabbit，duck，pig的圖片和單詞卡片分別發(fā)給十個同學，看看誰能在最快的時間內(nèi)找到自己的朋友。教師要表揚配合最密切的兩個同學。
人教版新課標PEP小學英語四年級下冊Recycle 1教案
1.Think and write接上一個環(huán)節(jié)，老師說“Zoom is careless. Where are his things? Let’s look.” 讓學生看課本圖片，認真觀察。a. 教師給出例句，請同學仿照例句說出句子Zoom’s red shoes are in the library.Zoom’s green sweater is in the gym.b.學生完成課本圖片后的短文。可以找程度好的同學在黑板上書寫。c.讓學生在小組內(nèi)朗讀句子。2. Let’s read..出示鐘表模型，老師撥出幾個有代表性的時間，學生分兩組用“What time is it ? It’s ........It’s time to ……”進行問答。老師在學生回答時把時間和活動寫在黑板上如下：Time Activities7：00 get up 7:30 go to school9:00have Chinese/math class10：00read books 或其他12:00 eat lunch3：15have P.E classOh, you have a busy day. Look, this is John’s day.a. 由上個環(huán)節(jié)引出John’s list. 教師引導學生仔細看Let’s read 部分的圖，閱讀John的活動時間表， 然后獨立完成句子的正誤判斷，最后進行檢查。b.讓學生再次讀John的活動時間表，回答下面的問題：What time does John go to school? Where does John read books?
人教版新課標PEP小學英語五年級下冊My Favourite Season教案
（三）趣味操練 （Practice）活動六：猜一猜教學參考時間：5教師說：Guess what’s my favourite season. Why?學生猜測：It’s winter. Because you can skate. 教師給予肯定或否定的答案然后邀請另一名孩子起來，大家繼續(xù)猜測活動七：傳話游戲教學參考時間：3分鐘教師在每個小組第一個同學耳邊輕聲說一個句子：I like summer, because I can swim./I like fall, because I can find many beautiful defoliation.(落葉)/….每個小組傳話，看誰傳的又快又好每組的最后一個匯報你聽到的句子（四）鞏固和擴展（Consolidation and extension）活動八：Link and say教學參考時間：5分鐘完成活動手冊P13—3兩人一小組，分別說說每組圖代表的季節(jié)，服裝，和事情教師提問，What would you like to do in spring/in summer/in winter/ in fall?,請孩子回答。兩人一組問答，根據(jù)你聽到的連出出對方喜歡的季節(jié)事情兩個人交換書對答案活動九：Let’s do a survey 教學參考時間：5分鐘完成活動手冊P13—4自己認讀范例對話，明確題意小組調(diào)查（6人）各小組展示答案活動十：試一試（Let’s try）教學參考時間：5分鐘教師播放錄音，學生理解再聽錄音，選擇你聽到的圖
人教版新課標PEP小學英語六年級上冊Recycle1教案
1．熱身(warm-up) (1)全班齊唱歌曲“How call I Get to the Zoo?’’ (2)師生一起吟唱第一單元的歌謠，要求學生一邊吟唱，一邊用手打節(jié)拍。 2．預習(Preview) 教師對學生有關(guān)My Dream Vacation的短文做出總體評價，并請幾名寫得有創(chuàng)意的學生朗讀他們的短文，教師針對其內(nèi)容提問，如：“Where are you going? What are you going to do? How are you going to there等。教師根據(jù)課前的準備，在最后一名學生朗讀完文章并回答了問題以后，簡化并板書該學生的回答，將其改編成為一首小歌謠，如： Where are you going? What are you going to do? I’m going to the ZOO to see the monkeys． I’m going by bike．I’m going On foot． I live near the ZOO．So I won’t take a train． 教師拍節(jié)拍示范朗讀自己改寫的新歌謠，學生模仿吟唱新歌謠。 3．新課呈現(xiàn)(Presentation) Let’s chant 在以上活動的基礎(chǔ)上，教師放Let’s chant部分的錄音，學生靜聽并試著跟讀，再看著文字吟唱。師生可進行問答式吟唱，并在小組間展開比賽。 Listen and match
人教版新課標PEP小學英語六年級下冊Last Weekend教案
一、教學內(nèi)容：Part B Let’s learn Let’s play. Part C Task time Let’s check 二、教學目標與要求 1、掌握四會詞組：went to a park, went swimming, read a book, went fishing, went hiking. 2、學會用句型What did you/ (name) do last weekend/ yesterday? I(name) (did) last weekend/ yesterday. Did you….? Yes, I did. 來進行問答并完成Task time的表格。 三、教學重點 掌握四會詞組,并用所學詞組和句型進行調(diào)查 四、教學難點 掌握四會詞組（不規(guī)則動詞過去式變化）,并用所學詞組和句型進行調(diào)查 五、課前準備 1、教師準備所需的詞卡及圖片。 2、學生準備詞卡。 六、教學過程 1、Warm-up 1) Free-talk: T: What day is today? A: Today is… T: What day was yesterday? (強調(diào) yesterday) B: Yesterday/ It was… T: What did you do yesterday? C: I (did)…yesterday. ( 用前幾課時已經(jīng)學的詞組) 2) Chain-drill: C: I (did)…yesterday. What did you do yesterday? D: I (did)…yesterday. What did you do yesterday? E, F… (ask the teacher) T: I went to a park yesterday. 2、Presentation and practice let’s learn （1）繼續(xù)Chain-drill,由T 引出并出示新授詞組:went hiking. （2）學生已經(jīng)了解了go 的過去式后, T 邊用I went ( 這個動詞用動作表示)yesterday.表達自己昨天去做什么了,邊做動作.讓學生幫老師說出: went swimming, went fishing.
人教版新目標初中英語七年級上冊Is this your pencil教案
T: Please look at the pictures and learn the new words.（用多媒體展示新單詞效果較好。）1．a(chǎn)t prep. 在（里面或附近）；在（點刻）；2．theart.表示特指的人、物、事或群體 3．lostadj.丟失的；遺失的4．Found adj. （find的過去式、過去分詞）找回的5．lost and found 失物招領(lǐng)6．please adv.請7．school n. 學校8．a(chǎn) set of一套；一副(Teach students to read the words.)2. Practice the new words. （事先錄制一段短的聽力，讓學生通過聽的訓練來強化所學的新單詞，并為學習寫尋物啟示和失物招領(lǐng)作好準備。）T: Please listen to a short passage twice then fill the blanks using the words we learned.(Show students a short passage and play the recording for the students to listen.)There are many things in (1)_____________________in my (2)__________. Look, here’s (3)_________keys. Is this yours? (4)__________call Jim (5)___________753-2289.Typescript:There are many things in the Lost and Found in my school. Look, here’s a set of keys. Is this yours? Please call Jim at 753-2289.
人教版新目標初中英語七年級上冊This is my sister教案
(Play the recording twice again.) (Check the answer.) ③Pairwork. Draw your own picture and talk about it. T: We find out the picture of Lin Hai’s family. Can you draw a picture of your family? SS: … T: OK. When you finish drawing, tell your partner about your picture. You can use “This is …” and “ These are …” to talk about. Then report it to the class. (Students work.) (Check students’ work. Ask two or three students to report.) Step Three: Task. Talk about the family tree. T: Look at the family tree. I think it’s a big family. You can do it in groups of four or three. You can do it in pairs or only by yourself. Then report it to the class. (Students work. Teacher walks around in the classroom and helps the students.) T: Stop here. Let’s check it out. (Choose students to do it.) S1: Look at my family tree. This is my… This is my … They have two … This is my … This is my …This is my …This is my. My parents have two children. This is…This is my …My uncle and my aunt have a son. He is my … (Ask two more students to do it.) Homework. Write a passage about your family.
人教版新目標初中英語七年級下冊I’m watching TV教案
單元分析單元目標： Talk about what people are doing 單元主要句型：1.What are you doing ?I’m doing my homework .2.Do you want to go swimming ?Yes , I do .3.When do you want to go ?At three o’clock .4.What is he doing ?He is watching TV. 單元詞匯：watching , doing , eating , cleaning , playing , reading , swimming , shopping , pool ,school , mall , library , wait , talk to , talk about , activity , camero , bird 重點、難點：1.be動詞am , is , are的用法;be動詞前面我們已經(jīng)學過，這一單元主要是與分詞一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)，即be (am , is , are)+V-ing，表示正在干什么。它主要是隨主語人稱的變化而選擇不同的。2..現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)上面我們講be (am , is , are) 時已提及進行時態(tài)，其句子的構(gòu)成情況我們通過下面的兩個表格中的問句、答句來具體體現(xiàn)：3.現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中be + V - ing 的構(gòu)成中V-ing被稱為現(xiàn)在分詞，它的基本構(gòu)成是動詞原形＋ing，但也有些特殊情況，下面分幾類說明：（1）一般情況＋ing如：read→reading，go→going，do→doing，look→looking，listen→listening，watch→watching.（2）以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞，去掉e，再加ing.如：write→writing，skate→skating，type→typing，wake→waking，make→making
新人教版高中英語選修1Unit 3 Fascinating Parks教案
2. Explore the significance of the establishment of Sarek National Park.Q1: Which event is the most important one in the park’s history?Ss: The establishment of Sarek national park in 1909 is the most important one.Q2: Is it worth making a place like Sarek a national park? Give your reasons.Ss: Yes. In this way, the place can be kept in its natural state and natural beauties and other rare and valuable resources can be preserved instead of being destroyed by endless exploitation driven by profits.Q3: How does the writer organize his introduction to the history of Sarek?Ss: The writer organizes his introduction in the sequence of time, using time indicators such as “used to”, “around 9,000 years ago”, “soon after”, “following the reindeer”, and “in 1909”.Q4: What is the feature of the language used to introduce the history of the park?Ss: The introduction to the park is to provide facts, using time indicators to organize the events. Sentences starts with “third person” and passive voice is used more often, feeling objective.【設(shè)計意圖】學生尋找和梳理公園歷史上的重要事件，體會人與自然的和諧關(guān)系，評鑒介紹性語言的特點?！竞诵乃仞B(yǎng)提升點】發(fā)展自主提取、梳理文本信息能力，訓練邏輯思維和高階思維。Activity 3: Highlighting the secret of the text
新人教版高中英語選修1Unit 2 Looking into the Future教案
【設(shè)計意圖】以“新科技是一把雙刃劍”為主題開展討論活動。這個話題比較大，所以給了一定的限制，首先需要以智能家居為例來闡述科技發(fā)展對未來生活產(chǎn)生的影響，然后列舉其優(yōu)點和缺點，最后就以上現(xiàn)象發(fā)表自己的觀點。這個活動是對整個文本的創(chuàng)意性總結(jié)與意義的升華，留給學生一定的想象空間，學生借此機會可以運用文本內(nèi)容和語言表達自己對科技發(fā)展的看法和態(tài)度。Assignments:1. Finish Exercise 4 on Page 15 of the textbook.A smart home is one that integrated computers into the structure of the building itself. In this way, many of the things that we now do ourselves become automatic. For example, the smart home could control the air conditioning and lights so that you would no longer have to turn switches on and off, and so that your home would be more energy-efficient. The smart home could also monitor itself to make sure that everything is working as it should, and send you warnings if there is a problem. Such smart homes could even be programmed to detect your health problems, and then give you reasonable advice as to the food you should eat or if you should see a doctor. So, in a sense, smart homes will lead us to living smarter lives.2.Create a smart function for your home, and share your creation in the next period.
新人教版高中英語選修1Unit 4 Body Language教案
本閱讀材料的話題是交際中的肢體語言，作者從三個方面講述了肢體語言的特征與作用，通過主題句和舉例闡述的方式讓讀者了解不同文化中肢體語言的相同或者不同的意義，并從更抽象、概括的維度深入認識肢體語言的特點，理解肢體語言的作用?；谥w語言的特點，作者提醒讀者在與人交流中，尤其是當文化背景有差異的時候，要使用得體的肢體語言，尊重、理解和包容不同的文化，進行有效、有素養(yǎng)的溝通。文本共由六個段落組成，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)為“總—分”。第一段用簡練的語言引出了話題，并且從我們自身表達的需要和了解他人感受兩個角度講述了肢體語言的作用。第二段闡述了肢體語言的第一個重要特點——肢體語言在不同的文化中有不同的內(nèi)涵——這也是文中寫作篇幅最大的一個要點，最為重要。通過講述肢體語言的這一特點，作者向讀者傳遞了要尊重不同的文化、要使用與所在文化相宜的肢體語言。
新人教版高中英語選修4Unit 1 Science Fiction教案
本活動旨在落實課時教學目標2。 1.Think, discuss and share. Students form groups of 4, discuss about the given ending make comments. Q1: Do you like the ending? Q2: Was it a logical ending? Why so or why not? [設(shè)計意圖]通過引導學生思考、討論、評價，比較個人、同伴所預測的結(jié)局和聽力文本所給定的結(jié)局的異同點，深化對文本的認知，發(fā)展學生的評判性思維能力。 Activity 4: Exploring Asimov’s three laws of robotics and the purpose of the writing 本活動旨在落實課時教學目標3。 1. Get to know Isaac Asimov’s three laws of robotics. The teacher shares Isaac Asimov’s three laws of robotics. The three laws state that: ①A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. ②A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. ③A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. Q: How does Tony’s story relate to the laws? 2. Figure out Isaac Asimov’s purpose of writing Satisfaction Guaranteed. The students express their opinions about the author’s writing purpose. Q: Why did Isaac Asimov write such a story? S: To explore the relationship between robots and humans. [設(shè)計意圖]通過了解艾薩克·阿西莫夫所制定的機器人三大定律，加深學生對文本的理解，深入探究文本的主題意義。推理作者的寫作目的，聯(lián)系生活實際，思考人類與機器人的關(guān)系。
新人教版高中英語選修3Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle教案
Activity 4: Figuring out the structure and the writing purpose 本活動為實現(xiàn)課時目標2。 1.Read Paragraph 6 and think about its main idea and the writer’s writing purpose. Q1: If you were the author, how would you end your article? “For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!” Q2: What is Paragraph 6 mainly about? (Possible answer: to appeal to young people including teenagers to change bad habits and live a happy and healthy life.) 2.Think about the writer’s writing purpose and share opinions. Q1: What is the writing purpose? Work in pairs and figure it out. (Possible answer: On the one hand, the passage is written to help teenagers change their bad habits and live a healthy lifestyle. On the other hand, it provides us with a scientific way to identify and analyse our problems objectively, thus strengthening our resolve to tackle the seemingly common yet tough problems in our lives.) 【設(shè)計意圖】 步驟1旨在預測和驗證文章最后一段主要內(nèi)容，梳理完整的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，步驟2旨在思考和討論作者的寫作目的。教師也可根據(jù)學生課堂反應(yīng)情況融入對語篇人稱多次轉(zhuǎn)換的思考。
新人教版高中英語選修4Unit 3 Reaching Out Across the Sea教案
本活動旨在落實課時目標3。 Think about the following questions and talk about your own attitude in pairs.Q1: As for this topic，what impresses you the most in the passage?Q2: What do you think of the future of China’s further exploration in sea? Are you in favor of the further exploration？Why or why not? 【設(shè)計意圖】該活動是一個完全開放性的活動，每個學生都會有不同的答案。運用遷移所學，自由口頭表達自己對海洋探索的態(tài)度。對于中國海洋探索的未來，每個人的想法是不一樣的，有樂觀，有擔憂，有認為值得投入，也有認為不值得付出太大代價，這里給學生自由表達的空間只要學會有支撐自己觀點的事實就可以了，進一步培養(yǎng)學生批判性思維和正確的價值觀。 Assignment: 此任務(wù)旨在遷移一、二課時所學，培養(yǎng)學生辯證分析問題的能力。 Write about your idea of the future of China’s sea exploration. And add your attitude towards the effort China have made in sea exploration. You’re expected to use the language and the writing technique learnt in the passage.
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