Unit 5 The Value of Money- Discovering Useful Structure教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

The theme of thesection is “Express modality and talk about future events in the past”.

In the dailyconversations, the modal verbs are often used to express our emotions orfeelings, attitudes, requirements, order, will, advice, intention, obligationand possibility, etc. So it is necessary for students to guided to learn modalverbs. The part also involves the past future tense, so the structure “would+do”and “was/were going to+ do” needs paying more attention to, which is used toexpress the future events took place in the past. The past future tense issimilar to the the present future tense, which makes it easier to learn andunderstand.

課件教案

1. Learn the definition, structure, functionsand features ofmodal verbs and past future tense.

2. Learn to summarize the usage of modal verbs, especially guessing thepast events.

1. Learn the definition, structure, functionsand features ofmodal verbs and past future tense..

2. Learnto summarize the usage of modal verbs, especially guessing the past events.

Part A Modal verbs

Step 1 Definition of modal verbs

According the literal interpretation of modal verbs, we can know thatits definition is: modal verbs means the speaker’s tone, emotion or attitude tosome kind of action and state, expressing requirement, obligation, intentionand so on.(望文生義，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的情感態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣, 表示“需要、應(yīng)當(dāng)、可以、必須等。)

Step 2 Kind of modal verbs

原形	過(guò)去式	詞義
can	could	能；能夠
may	might	可以；或許；可能
must		必須；一定是
will	would	將；將要；愿意
shall	should	應(yīng)該
need		需要；必要
dare	dared	敢；敢于
have to	had to	不得不；必須
ought to		應(yīng)該
used to		過(guò)去常常

Step 3 Functions of modal verbs

Underline the modal verbs in the followingsentences and understand its definition and functions.

1.Roderick:Young man, would you step inside a moment, please ?（表委婉請(qǐng)求）

2.Rodercik: Ifyou don’t mind, may I ask you how much money you have ?（表委婉請(qǐng)求）

3.Henry: Itmay seem lucky to you. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be onmy way.
（表推測(cè)） (表委婉請(qǐng)求)

4.Roderick:You mustn’t think we don’t care about you. (表推測(cè))

5.May you have good journey!(表祝愿)

Summary:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示委婉請(qǐng)求，推測(cè)、祝愿、建議、意愿、禁止等。

Step 4 Basic usageof modal verbs
1．不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，除ought to和used to以外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式

2．沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。但有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can，will，dare有一般時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的變化。

3．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)態(tài)”的形式并不是區(qū)分時(shí)間的主要標(biāo)志。不少情況下，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式和過(guò)去時(shí)形式都可用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間、過(guò)去時(shí)間或?qū)?lái)時(shí)間

Step 5 More about modal verbs

1．can和could

(1)表示能力，常譯為“能，會(huì)” 例如：

I can speak Japanese。but I can’t write it．我會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)，但是不會(huì)寫(xiě)

(2)表示允許，常譯為“可以”；could還可以表示更加委婉地請(qǐng)求或許可例如：

① 一Can／Could I have a look at your photos?我可以看看你的照片嗎?

一0f course you can．當(dāng)然可以了。

②You can smoke in this room．你可以在這間屋子里吸煙

(3)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，只用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中例如：

①一Can she be in the classroom?她可能在教室嗎?

一NO，she can’t be in it．不，她不可能在教室里。

②Can what he said be true?他說(shuō)的可能是真的嗎?

(4)用于肯定的陳述旬中，表示理論上或習(xí)慣上的可能性。例如：

①Accidents can happen at any time．事故隨時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生

②It could be very interesting to go out for a drive．

出去開(kāi)車(chē)兜風(fēng)可能會(huì)很有趣 (could比call的可能性小)

辨析 can(could)/be ableto

(1)can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)could．而be able to則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)變化，在將來(lái)時(shí)，完成時(shí)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中只能用be able to。

(2)can一般指自身具有的能力。而be able to則表示經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的努力后所具有的能力，相當(dāng)于manage to do或succeed in doing。例如：

①This time l failed in the exam，but I’11 be able to pass the exam nexttime．這次我考試不及格．但下次我能考試及格 (經(jīng)過(guò)努力)

②She said she regretted not being ableto use the computer well．她說(shuō)她很后悔不會(huì)很好地使用電腦

(3)否定結(jié)構(gòu)中was/were able to 與could沒(méi)有區(qū)別。例如：

①She ran fast but she couldn’t/wasn’table to catch the bus．她跑得很快可還是沒(méi)能趕上公共汽車(chē)

②The young man couldn’t carry the bigstone．這個(gè)年輕人搬不動(dòng)那塊大石頭。(指本身的能力)

2.may／might

(1)表示許可或征詢(xún)對(duì)方許可，常譯成“可以”。表示征詢(xún)?cè)S可時(shí)，may 可與can／could換用．might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉一些．對(duì)其一般疑問(wèn)句的肯定回答可用may或can．否定回答時(shí)要用mustn’t或can’t．mustn’t表示“不可以”“禁止”之意例如：

①You may go home now．現(xiàn)在你可以回家了

②May/ Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你談?wù)剢?

③一May 1 come in? 我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎?

一Yes，you may／can.進(jìn)來(lái)。

一No, you can’t／mustn’t．你不能。

(2)may常用于祈使句中表示祝愿例如：

①M(fèi)ay you succeed!祝你成功!

②May God bless you l!愿上帝保佑你!

(3)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，一般只用于肯定句中，may not表示“可能不”之意。might比may可能性小

①He may be very busy now．他現(xiàn)在可能很忙

②一Why hasn’t he come?他為什么還沒(méi)來(lái)?

一He may have missed the train.他可能沒(méi)趕上火車(chē)吧

3．will /would

(1)表示請(qǐng)求、建議，用于第二人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)勻中．would比will語(yǔ)氣更委婉。例如：

①Will you call back later．please?請(qǐng)過(guò)一會(huì)兒再打過(guò)來(lái)好嗎?

②Would you like a cup of coffee?你想來(lái)杯咖啡嗎?

(2)表示意志、愿望和決心，有“愿；要”之意．would表示過(guò)去的意愿和決心。例如：

1will do my best to help you．我愿盡我最大努力幫助你

(3)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或傾向

①Oil will float on water．油總是浮在水上

②On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess．以前每到星期天他總是到公園去下棋

(4)(表示功用或能力)能。

①The room will seat 100 persons．這個(gè)屋子能坐下100人。

②The door won’t open．這門(mén)打不開(kāi)

Exercise: 用may, might, can, could 填空
1. They (can/might) ___________be away for the weekend but I’m not sure.(表________)

2. You (may/might)__________leave now if you wish.(表________)

3. (could/may)__________you open the window a bit, please?(表________)

4. He (can/could)__________be from America, judging by his accent.(表________)

5. (may/can) ___________youswim?(表________)

6. Listen, please. You (maynot/might not) _________________ speak during this exam.(表________)

7. They (can not/may not) _______________still be out, the light is on in the house.(表________)

8. You (couldn’t/might not) _________________ smokeon the bus.(表________)

9. With luck, tomorrow(can/could) __________be a cooler day.(表________)

10. You (can/might)___________ be right, but I’m going back to check it.(表________)

Answers: 1.might 表推測(cè) 2. may 表許可 3.could 表請(qǐng)求 4.could 表能力
5. can 表能力 6. may not 表不允許 7. can’t 表推測(cè)，不可能
8. couldn’t 表許可 9. could 表推測(cè) 10.might 表推測(cè)

4．shall／should

(1)shall用于第一、第三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。例如：

①What shall we do this evening?我們今晚干什么呢?

②When shall he be able to leave thehospital?他什么時(shí)間能離開(kāi)醫(yī)院?

(2)shall用于第二、第三人稱(chēng)，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。例如：

①You shall fail if you don’t work hard．如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)你會(huì)考試不及格 (警告)

②You shall not leave your post．你不得離開(kāi)崗位。(命令)

③He shall have the book when I finish reading it．當(dāng)我讀完這本書(shū)時(shí)他可以拿走 (允許)

④He shall be punished．他將受到懲罰 (威脅)

(3)should表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是ought to；在疑問(wèn)句中，通常用should代替ought to，意為“應(yīng)該”。(還常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中) 例如：

①You shouldn’t have left so soon. 你不應(yīng)當(dāng)走得這么早

②Sal suggested that we should go for a swim．薩爾建議我們?nèi)ビ斡?/p>

(4)should表示推測(cè)，可能。這種推測(cè)往往有一定的根據(jù)。含有“按道理應(yīng)當(dāng)”之意。例如：

①They should be at home by now for they have been away fortwo hours．現(xiàn)在他們?cè)摰郊伊?，因?yàn)樗麄冸x開(kāi)兩個(gè)小時(shí)了

②If the train is on time，she should arrive in Beijing by seven．如果火車(chē)準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的話(huà)，她應(yīng)該7點(diǎn)前到達(dá)北京。

5．must／can’t

(1)must表示“必須；必要”．用于一般疑問(wèn)句中，肯定回答用must。否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to。例如：

—Mustwe hand in our exercise today?我們必須今天上交練習(xí)嗎?

—Yes,you must．是的，你們必須。

一No, you needn’t／don’t have to．不，你們不必。

(2)mustn’t表示“不允許；禁止”。例如：

Youmustn’t lend the new book to others．你不許把這本新書(shū)借給別人。

(3)有時(shí)must表示“偏要；硬要；偏偏”，指做令人不快的事情。例如：

Mustyou shout so loudly? 你非要這么大聲嚷嚷嗎?

(4)must表示推測(cè)時(shí)。只能用于肯定句，意為“一定；肯定”。作此解時(shí)，must的否定形式不是mustn’t，而是can’t／couldn’t。例如：

①They must be anxious to know the result．他們一定急于知道結(jié)果。

②一I think the news must be true．我想這個(gè)消息一定是真的

一No，it can’t be true．不，它肯定不是真的。

Exercise: 用will, would, shall, should, must 填空
1. We __________ smoke here, because the worker is carrying some petrol.(表________)

2. It is dangerous. You__________ leave the room immediately.(表________)

3. He ___________ go hikingwith friends at weekends when young.(表________)

4. Write to me when you gethome.

---I___________.(表________)

5.---Need I hand in myexercise book at once?

---Yes, you__________.(表________)

6. You have been workingall day. You __________ be very tired.(表________)

7. It is a long time sincewe met last time. You __________ come and see us more often.(表________)

8. Why don’t you try on this dress? It _________look nice on you.(表________)

Answers: 1. mustn’t 表禁止 2.should 表建議，命令 3.would 過(guò)去習(xí)慣
4. will 表意愿 5. must 表必須 6.must 表推測(cè) 7.should 表建議 8.will 表將會(huì)

6．need

(1) 用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, need意為“需要, 有必要”, 一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。疑問(wèn)句中把need提前, 否定形式是在need后加not。

You needn’t come here this afternoon. 你今天下午不必來(lái)。

(2) 用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞, 意為“需要, 有必要”, 可以用于各種句式中。

You don’t needto go now. 你不必現(xiàn)在就走。

7．dare

(1) dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí), 常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中, 過(guò)去式形式為dared。

How dare you sayI’m unfair? 你怎么敢說(shuō)我不公平?

He daren’t speak English before such a crowd,dare he? 他不敢在這么多人面前說(shuō)英語(yǔ), 是嗎?

(2)dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中, dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中, dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。

He doesn’t dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。

Exercise:

1. —Must I stay here? —No, you _______.

2. You _____not be told twiceabout one single thing.

3. Sarah doesn’t ______ handin her task right now.

4. How ____you fight againsthim?

5. No one ____say he had nothingon.

6. I _____ to swim across thisriver

Answers: 1. needn’t 2. need 3.need 4. dare 5. dare 6. dare

8.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done

(1)can(could)+have done的疑問(wèn)或否定形式表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑或否定，另外could have done還表示“過(guò)去本能夠做，但實(shí)際上未做……”。例如：

①He can’t／couldn’t have finished so much work in so short a time．

他不可能在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成如此多的工作。

②Where can／could they have gone? 他們會(huì)到哪去了呢?

③We could have gone there on foot．A taxi wasn’t necessary at a11．

本來(lái)我們可以走著去那兒根本沒(méi)有必要乘出租車(chē)

(2)may(might)+have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。例如：

①He may have said so．他可能這么說(shuō)過(guò)。

②That was too dangerous．You might have killed yourself．那太危險(xiǎn)了。你當(dāng)時(shí)可能會(huì)喪命的

(3)should+have done表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上未做，而shouldn’t+have done表示過(guò)去本不應(yīng)潑做但實(shí)際上做了。

例如：①You should have started earlier．你本應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身。

②You shouldn’t have lent him money yesterday．昨天你本不該把錢(qián)借給他。

(4)must+have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生情況的肯定推測(cè)。

例如： It must have rained last night．昨晚肯定下雨了

Part B The future past tense

Step 1 Definition

According to the literal interpretation,the definition of the future past tense is: the action or state would takeplace or happen after a certain past time point, which is often used in theobjective clause.（過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。）

Step 2 Structure

1.would/should+ do

2.was/were going to+do

3.was/were about to+do

4.was/were to+ do

5.was/were +doing

Other forms:

肯定結(jié)構(gòu)	1. would/should+do 2. Was/were going to do
否定結(jié)構(gòu)	1.wouldn’t/shouldn’t+do 2. wasn’t/weren’t going to do
一般疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)	1. Would/Should＋主語(yǔ)＋do 2. Was/Were ＋主語(yǔ)＋ going to do
特殊疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)	1. 特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋would/should＋主語(yǔ)＋do 2. 特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋was/were ＋主語(yǔ)＋ going to do