為快速簡(jiǎn)潔地考查出學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)的掌握情況,我們大多時(shí)候都會(huì)選擇以試卷試題的方式去解決,而簡(jiǎn)單的一張?jiān)囶}在很大程度上并不能全面地評(píng)價(jià)出學(xué)生的優(yōu)異與否,尤其是小學(xué)教育階段,短暫的考試成績(jī)并不能決定孩子往后的優(yōu)秀。隨著國(guó)家“雙減”政策的提出,我國(guó)各個(gè)小學(xué)都開始了學(xué)生減負(fù)工作,一二年級(jí)沒有書面作業(yè),更多的是考查學(xué)生日常行為習(xí)慣以及綜合素養(yǎng)。
一般人在一個(gè)完整的夜間睡眠中,大腦在進(jìn)行著具有一定周期性的功能和狀態(tài)循環(huán)。依據(jù)多導(dǎo)睡眠圖描繪的腦電圖模式、眼動(dòng)和肌張力特征,人的睡眠結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為兩種類型:非快速眼動(dòng)睡眠和快速眼動(dòng)睡眠。非快速眼動(dòng)睡眠與快速眼動(dòng)睡眠循環(huán)交替一次稱為一個(gè)睡眠周期。每次夜晚的睡眠通常有4~5個(gè)睡眠周期,每個(gè)周期約90~110分鐘。兩個(gè)睡眠周期之間通常伴有短暫覺醒,整夜大概出現(xiàn)4~6次。
古琴之外的其他彈拔樂器一般都是點(diǎn)狀出音,即每彈一次出一音,因而音與音之間會(huì)有明顯的間隙,不連貫。這使它們?cè)诒憩F(xiàn)音樂的強(qiáng)度和力度方面,有一定的效果,但在表現(xiàn)深邃、悠遠(yuǎn)的意境方面,有著明顯的欠缺。然而古琴卻沒有這樣的缺憾。古琴的有效弦長(zhǎng)特別長(zhǎng),振幅大,振動(dòng)時(shí)間久,所以古琴在演奏中會(huì)出現(xiàn)獨(dú)有的“走手音”?!白呤忠簟钡奶攸c(diǎn)之一,就是它所造就的線狀音跡能讓聲音產(chǎn)生游動(dòng)感。這可以使琴音顯得綿延而深遠(yuǎn)。
關(guān)于風(fēng)箏的起源有很多說法,比如斗笠、樹葉說,認(rèn)為風(fēng)箏的出現(xiàn)受到被風(fēng)吹起的斗笠、樹葉的啟發(fā),還有帆船、帳篷說,飛鳥說等。觀點(diǎn)雖不統(tǒng)一,但風(fēng)箏很早就出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)并無異議?!俄n非子·外儲(chǔ)說左上》中記載“墨子為木鳶,三年而成,飛一日而敗。弟子曰:‘先生之巧,至能使木鳶飛?!笨梢姶呵飸?zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期已有風(fēng)箏,不過為木質(zhì)。隨著造紙術(shù)的發(fā)展,從唐朝開始,紙糊的風(fēng)箏逐漸興起。當(dāng)了宋代,放風(fēng)箏已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)時(shí)人們喜愛的戶外活動(dòng)。明清時(shí)期,風(fēng)箏的制作技藝、裝飾技藝得到空前發(fā)展。至清朝道光年間達(dá)到鼎盛。
失掉了他信力,就會(huì)疑,一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)身,也許能夠只相信了自己,倒是一條新生路,但不幸的是逐漸玄虛起來了。信"地"和"物",還是切實(shí)的東西,國(guó)聯(lián)就渺茫,不過這還可以令人不久就省悟到依賴它的不可靠。一到求神拜佛,可就玄虛之至了,有益或是有害,一時(shí)就找不出分明的結(jié)果來,它可以令人更長(zhǎng)久的麻醉著自己。
失掉了他信力,就會(huì)疑,一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)身,也許能夠只相信了自己,倒是一條新生路,但不幸的是逐漸玄虛起來了。信"地"和"物",還是切實(shí)的東西,國(guó)聯(lián)就渺茫,不過這還可以令人不久就省悟到依賴它的不可靠。一到求神拜佛,可就玄虛之至了,有益或是有害,一時(shí)就找不出分明的結(jié)果來,它可以令人更長(zhǎng)久的麻醉著自己。
“中國(guó)”一詞后來隨著所指對(duì)象不同而有不同的含義。大致說來,有以下六種概念:一是指京師(首都)。二是指天子直接統(tǒng)治的地區(qū),如諸葛亮對(duì)孫權(quán)說:“若能以吳越之眾與中國(guó)抗衡,不如早與之絕。”三是指中原地區(qū)。四是指國(guó)內(nèi)、內(nèi)地,如《史記·武帝本紀(jì)》:“天下名山八,而三在蠻夷,五在中國(guó)?!蔽迨侵钢T夏族居住的地區(qū)。六是指華夏或漢族建立的國(guó)家,《史記》《漢書》經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)這樣的稱謂。所以自漢代開始,人們常常把漢族建立的中原王朝稱為“中國(guó)”。
①當(dāng)今社會(huì)是個(gè)看臉的時(shí)代,大多數(shù)人希望通過提升“顏值”來獲得更多的自信與機(jī)遇。然而顏值并不能決定一切。馬云,一個(gè)名列福布斯全球科技百富榜亞洲第一的男人,他并沒有很高的顏值。但他通過自己的努力,取得了如今的諸多成就。即使是在顏值時(shí)代,修心亦是很重要的。②一個(gè)沒有素質(zhì)的人,就算穿的多么華麗,一說話一個(gè)舉動(dòng)就能暴露自己。一個(gè)非常有涵養(yǎng)的人,即使穿著樸素,和他相處也會(huì)覺得清風(fēng)拂面。
Locatedin the mountains about 100 miles from Los Angeles, the Idyllwild Arts Academyis a boarding school for young artists. It offers training in arts, likedrawing, painting, photography and cinema, along with programmes for theperforming arts. The school’s quiet, rural location also makes it a verypeaceful and beautiful place to learn. THE NATIONAL CIRCUS(雜技)SCHOOL
Mostschools offer different kinds of subjects and activities for students, but someschools offer additional training in certain areas, such as the performing andarts. In this way, schools can help students develop their artistic talentsfrom an early age and have greater success in their future profession. THE ROYAL BALLET(芭蕾舞)SCHOOL
We allknow that rice, wheat and corn are staples, but do you know there is anotherkind of staple food—potatoes? Potatoes have many advantages. Theyare a good source of vitamin C and potassium(鉀). A potato’s vitamin C isas rich as 10 apples. What’s more,potatoes are low in calories(卡路里)-onlythree fourths of the same amount of wheat and corn, according to People’s Daily. Potatoes are easy togrow. It can be grown in both the north and the south during winter, spring andautumn. The plant is also able to bear drought(干旱). Some areas of China arefacing water shortages, so the potato is safe to grow.
Chopsticksoriginated from(起源于) China.Though simple and little, they are agreat invention in the history of humans. There are many legends aboutChopsticks, Da Yu and Chopsticks is one of them.It issaid that during Yao and Shun times, Shun ordered Yu to control the flood. Oneday, Yu took a boat to an island, he was so hungry that he used an earth pot tocook meat. After the meat was well-done in boiled water, he didn’t want towaste time to wait for it to cool, so he took two branches to pick up the meatfrom the soup. After, to save time, he always took small branches to take outfood from the hot pot. For a long time, he was skilled at picking up food withsmall sticks. In this way, the first types of chopsticks were born.
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣賞) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
I joineda band (樂隊(duì))as a drummer in my middle school. I thought itwould be fun playing the drum and meeting new friends. At first it was easy,but a month later, it got difficult. I was the only one who couldn’t keep pace (節(jié)奏)with the other players. Our teacher,Angie, singled me out to keep practicing while everyone else got to relax. Ifelt ashamed (羞愧的)as my teammates watched me fail so many times.Finally I got so tired of practicing that I didn’t care about doing it right.
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
“Red Trip” in TonghuaTonghua is a good choice to have a “red trip”. It is aplace full of “red stories”. The well-known national hero Yang Jingyu oncefought here. Experience the “red spirit”!
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南極).Amundsen arrived first.
Antarctica lies in the most southern part of theworld. It is the coldest area on Earth. There isn’t much rain, but there is alot of snow and wind. The lowest temperature was on 21 July in 1983 at -89.2℃!
Each ofthem has their own experience- two people with synesthesia may both “feel”music, but they almost never feel the music in the same way. For example, onemay feel the music of the violin lightly brushing his face; the other may feelit on her ankle (腳踝). And one’s experience of synesthesia is alwaysthe same. If they see the number 5 in the color blue, then 5 is blue every timethey see it.
Raden Roro Hendarti, nearly 50 years old, is alibrarian in Muntang village. She started a “trash library”, hoping to makechildren read more as well as make them realize the importance of environmentprotection. Each weekday, Raden puts all kinds of books on the back of herthree-wheeler (三輪車)and rides to Muntang village. There, children line up to exchange plastic cups,bags and other trash for books from Raden’s mobile library. After finishing theexchange, Raden carries back all the trash.
As thegovernment encourages the renaissance (復(fù)興) of traditional culture,Hanfu is getting more and more popular with the teenagers. Every year, we canenjoy different Hanfu shows around the cities. And now quite a few Hanfu clubshave been set up in universities. Members usually wear Hanfu at theirgraduation ceremonies or during holidays. Some even wear Hanfu on regular days,too. And these fans created a special day—China Haniu Day to celebratetraditional Chinese clothing. It falls on the third day of the third month inChinese lunar calendar (陰歷).